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How to build a fire
Knowing how to build a fire is a necessary skill for anyone who travel in the wilderness.
There are many different types of fires to construct. Some are more suited for cooking, burning overnight or for warmth. Your situation and the material available in the area will determine what is the most practical fire type for your needs.
However most needs can be met with either the star, tepee or pyramid fire. In some situations, you may find that an underground fireplace will best meet your needs.
Star
Start a fire
and make sure the fire is established. Place logs around the fire. Push the logs inwards and the fire, and heat, will increase. To decrease the heat, pull the logs outwards.
The star fire is a simple and easily controlled fire. Very useful for conserving fuel.
Tepee
To make this fire, arrange the tinder and a few sticks of kindling in the shape of a tepee or cone. The tepee does not need to be big, keep it small. Build up the tepee gradually. Put your tinder inside the finished tepee.
Allow enough room for air circulation in and between the logs. As the tepee burns, the outside logs will fall inward, feeding the fire. Fed more fuel.
Pyramid
To lay the pyramid fire, place two logs or branches parallel on the ground. Place a solid layer of small logs across the parallel logs. Continue building your pyramid by adding three or four more layers of logs or branches, with each added layer running perpendicular to the preceding one. Place tinder and smaller twigs and branches at the top of the pyramid and light it.
The pyramid fire will burn downward, provide plenty of heat and last a long time. Requiring no attention during the night. The pyramid fire can also form the basis of a
signal fire.
How to build a fire - underground
This is a shielded fire that produces a good draught and can burn almost anything.
In the side of a firm earth bank dig a chamber about 20 in (0.5 m) deep. Drive a stick down into the chamber from above to form a chimney. Build a fire in the chamber. The entrance is best sited downwind in windy conditions.
A good fire for warmth or for smoke preserving meat and fish.

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